What condition is treated with the antidiabetic agent Sitagliptin?

Sitagliptin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent that belongs to the class of drugs known as DPP-4 inhibitors. It is specifically indicated for the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. This class of medication works by increasing the levels of incretin hormones, which in turn increases insulin secretion in response to meals and decreases the amount of glucagon released, thereby lowering blood glucose levels.

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and a relative insulin deficiency. Sitagliptin helps improve glycemic control in patients with this condition by enhancing the body's own ability to regulate blood sugar levels after eating. It can be used alone or in combination with other antidiabetic medications.

In contrast, Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune condition where the body does not produce insulin, and treatment typically involves insulin replacement therapy. Gestational diabetes requires monitoring and managing blood sugar levels during pregnancy, often with lifestyle changes and insulin if necessary. Prediabetes is a state of increased risk for developing Type 2 diabetes, and while lifestyle modifications are the first approach, medications like Sitagliptin are not typically prescribed in this phase unless there is progression to Type 2 diabetes.