What is a common side effect of NSAIDs?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are well-known for their ability to alleviate pain and inflammation. However, a common side effect associated with their use is gastrointestinal bleeding. This occurs because NSAIDs inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which play a crucial role in maintaining the protective lining of the stomach and intestines. When this protective barrier is compromised, it can lead to an increased risk of gastrointestinal irritation, ulcers, and ultimately bleeding.

Prostaglandins are also involved in regulating gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow; thus, when NSAIDs reduce their levels, the gastric mucosa becomes more susceptible to injury from acid, which can escalate into more severe complications such as bleeding. This side effect is particularly significant in certain populations, including older adults or individuals who may already have underlying gastrointestinal conditions.

Understanding this mechanism is key for healthcare providers to monitor patients effectively and implement preventive strategies, such as prescribing proton pump inhibitors alongside NSAIDs for those at higher risk. This emphasizes the importance of being aware of the adverse effects of medication use, particularly for frequently used drugs like NSAIDs.