What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?

The mechanism of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) primarily involves the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. COX enzymes are crucial for the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins and thromboxanes, which are mediators associated with inflammation, pain, and fever. By inhibiting COX-1 and/or COX-2, NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins, leading to decreased inflammation, pain relief, and antipyretic effects.

This inhibition not only helps manage acute and chronic pain but also addresses conditions related to inflammation, such as arthritis. The specificity of the NSAID for either COX-1 or COX-2 can further influence their therapeutic effects and side effect profiles, with some NSAIDs designed to preferentially inhibit COX-2 to reduce gastrointestinal side effects associated with COX-1 inhibition.

Understanding how NSAIDs work through the inhibition of COX is fundamental to comprehending their role in pain management and anti-inflammatory treatment.